LEGALITAS PENYELENGGARAAN TELEMEDISIN OLEH PLATFORM KESEHATAN DIGITAL DALAM UPAYA PERLINDUNGAN PASIEN DI INDONESIA: Studi Perbandingan Indonesia dengan Singapura

Rizka Erlyani, . (2026) LEGALITAS PENYELENGGARAAN TELEMEDISIN OLEH PLATFORM KESEHATAN DIGITAL DALAM UPAYA PERLINDUNGAN PASIEN DI INDONESIA: Studi Perbandingan Indonesia dengan Singapura. Tesis thesis, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta.

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Abstract

The development of platform-based telemedicine in Indonesia has accelerated the shift in healthcare delivery towards a platform-based healthcare model. In practice, telemedicine platforms do not merely function as technological intermediaries connecting patients and healthcare professionals, but also perform operational functions that influence the provision of healthcare services, while Indonesian positive law only recognizes their involvement through cooperation with healthcare facilities, meaning the validity of their operation depends entirely on such affiliation. This study aims to analyze the legality of telemedicine operations by digital health platforms in terms of their legal status under Indonesian positive law, and to formulate an ideal model of legal liability for the protection of patient rights, through a comparative study with Singapore. This research employs a normative legal method using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The findings reveal that digital health platforms are recognized in a limited capacity under the Health Law as cooperating partners of healthcare facilities, while simultaneously holding the status of Electronic System Providers, service business actors, and personal data controllers. Where a platform lacks a valid affiliation with a healthcare facility, its provision of telemedicine services is not lawfully permitted in any form, as demonstrated by gaps in medical practitioner registration practices and the limitations of Electronic System Provider status and Regulatory Sandbox participation as a basis of validity. This study concludes that the most appropriate liability model is a shared liability framework based on the principle of vicarious liability, with the platform's degree of control assessed through documented operational indicators so that the burden of proof does not fall on patients. Accordingly, regulatory reforms are required to establish affiliation as a mandatory precondition for validity, strengthen transparency regarding affiliation status, clarify the allocation of responsibilities, enhance supervisory mechanisms, and improve the protection of patient rights within Indonesia's telemedicine framework.

Item Type: Thesis (Tesis)
Additional Information: [No. Panggil : 2410622004] [Pembimbing 1 : Abdul Kolib] [Pembimbing 2 : Handar Subhandi Bakhtiar] [Penguji 1 : Handoyo Prasetyo] [Penguji 2 : Muthia Sakti]
Uncontrolled Keywords: Legality, Digital Platform, Telemedicine, Legal Liability
Subjects: K Law > K Law (General)
Divisions: Fakultas Hukum > Program Studi Hukum (S2)
Depositing User: RIZKA ERLYANI
Date Deposited: 03 Sep 2026 04:03
Last Modified: 03 Sep 2026 04:03
URI: http://repository.upnvj.ac.id/id/eprint/52534

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