Emir Clement Jamal, . (2026) ANALISIS TWO-LEVEL GAMES NEGOSIASI ANTARA INDONESIA DENGAN UNI EROPA MENGENAI RESTRIKSI EKSPOR NIKEL PADA TAHUN 2019-2022. Skripsi thesis, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta.
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Abstract
This study analyzes the negotiations between Indonesia and the European Union regarding Indonesia's nickel export restrictions, specifically the WTO DS592 case—covering the period from 2019 to 2025 and utilizing the "Two-Level Games" framework adapted from Chad Damro. Indonesia implemented a ban on raw nickel ore exports and a domestic processing mandate as policy instruments for the downstreaming of critical minerals, aiming to enhance economic valueadded and foster domestic industrialization. This policy triggered a formal trade dispute when the European Union filed a complaint with the WTO (DS592) in 2019. Consultations held in January 2020 failed to yield an agreement, prompting the European Union to proceed with litigation by requesting the establishment of a WTO panel in 2021. The panel ultimately concluded that Indonesia's policies were inconsistent with WTO rules. Employing a descriptive qualitative method, this study examines the DS592 trade dispute and the involved actors in depth, incorporating interviews with two representatives from the European Union's trade delegation to Indonesia. Through the Two-Level Games analysis, the study identifies EUROFER—the European steel industry association—as a domestic-level actor that constrained the European Commission's room for compromise. Negotiations failed because no overlapping "win-set" emerged between Indonesia and the European Union; Indonesia could not accept options that would weaken its export ban and domestic processing requirements, while the European Union could not accept policies that maintained barriers to raw material access for its steel industry. Consequently, litigation via the WTO dispute settlement mechanism became the European Union's rational choice amidst this deadlock, given the parameters of its own win-set.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Skripsi) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | [No. Panggil : 2210412099] [Pembimbing : Muhammad Kamil Ghiffary Abdurrahman] [Penguji 1 : Shanti Darmastuti] [Penguji 2 : Nurfarah Nidatya] |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | DS592, Critical Minerals, WTO, European Commission, Downstreaming |
| Subjects: | J Political Science > JZ International relations |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik > Program Studi Hubungan Internasional (S1) |
| Depositing User: | EMIR CLEMENT JAMAL |
| Date Deposited: | 09 Sep 2026 07:26 |
| Last Modified: | 09 Sep 2026 07:26 |
| URI: | http://repository.upnvj.ac.id/id/eprint/54322 |
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